Cancer is an umbrella term given to a collection of related diseases. It involves abnormal cell growth that has the potential to spread to other parts of the body.
In all types of Cancer, some cells begin to divide without stopping and start spreading into surrounding tissues.
How does Cancer start?
Cells grow and divide to form new cells. When these cells grow old, they die, and new cells take their place. However, in the case of Cancer, this process breaks down. Cells start becoming abnormal, and old cells do not die. These extra cells divide without halt and form tumours.
Cancer tumours are malignant, meaning they can spread and invade nearby tissues. As these tumours grow, some cancer cells may break off and reach distant body parts through the bloodstream.
Tumours that cannot spread into tissues are called Benign tumours. They can grow, but once removed, they usually don’t grow back, unlike malignant tumours, which can sometimes grow back.
Is Cancer genetic?
Cancer is a genetic disease. Genetic changes that control the function, growth, and division of body cells cause this condition.
Each Cancer has a unique combination of genetic changes. It continues to change as Cancer grows further. Even within the same tumour, different cells can have different genetic changes.
The cause of Cancer is not very specific, but many factors around us can contribute to it and affect the entire body.
Risk Factors of Cancer
- Age Factor – As a person ages, their immune system weakens, and it becomes more prone to developing cancerous cells
- Lifestyle – Drinking too much alcohol, frequent smoking, obesity, unsafe sex, excessive exposure to sun rays, etc can be contributing factors
- Family Background – Genetic mutations can be a factor contributing to the development of Cancer
There are varied symptoms for different types of Cancer since every Cancer is so unique. However, there are warning signs that one should keep an eye out for. You should consult your doctor if you see any of these symptoms on a regular and prolonged basis.
Common Symptoms of Cancer
- Lumps
- Fatigue
- Breathing issues
- Nausea
- Unintended weight loss
- Persistent cough or sore throat
- Chemical changes in the body
- Diarrhea
- Seizures
- Weak immune system
- Headaches and migraine
However, there are measures one can take to prevent and minimise the risk of Cancer.
Prevention of Cancer
- Avoid smoking and drinking
- Avoid excessive sun exposure
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle
- Avoid packaged food
- Intake of proper nutrition and supplements
- Avoid stress
- Regular exercise
- Regular checkups
Things to Remember
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease that arises from abnormal cell growth, which can lead to the formation of malignant tumours. Understanding how cancer starts, its genetic roots and the associated risk factors is crucial in the battle against it. While cancer can manifest in various forms, with different symptoms, early detection and prevention can make a significant difference.
By adopting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding known risk factors like smoking and excessive sun exposure, and maintaining regular health checkups, you can reduce the risk of cancer. Awareness and proactive measures are your best defences in the fight against this pervasive disease.
