Late Effects of Childhood Cancer

Childhood cancer refers to a range of cancer types that occur in children, typically under the age of 15.

Unlike adult cancers, which are linked to environmental factors or lifestyle, childhood cancers are usually the result of DNA changes in cells during the early stages of life. Common types include leukaemia, brain tumours, and lymphomas.

Thanks to medical advancements, survival rates have dramatically increased. However, the treatments required to fight these cancers, such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, can lead to long-term health consequences known as “late effects.”

Common Late Effects on Pediatric Cancer Survivors

Late effects are almost always a side effect of childhood cancer. This is because of the change in the genetic makeup.

Physical Health Impacts

Survivors of childhood cancer are living longer, but some encounter late effects related to past treatments. These can include:

Cardiopulmonary Effects: Issues affecting the heart and lungs, such as heart abnormalities or reduced lung function.
Musculoskeletal Concerns: Conditions like scoliosis or asymmetries in bone or soft tissues.
Ocular Issues: The development of cataracts can affect vision.
Renal Complications: Kidney diseases and high blood pressure problems.
Endocrine System Effects: Survivors may face growth failure, thyroid problems, or infertility.

Cognitive and Psychological Effects

The impact of cancer treatments can extend to the brain and emotional health:

Neurocognitive Difficulties: These include learning disabilities and memory loss.
Emotional and Psychological Issues: Survivors may experience conditions such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

There is an elevated risk of developing other cancers or tumours, whether benign or malignant.

Staying Healthy as a Childhood Cancer Survivor

Survivors must understand the treatments they underwent and their potential long-term effects. This understanding can empower them to take charge of their health and make informed decisions as they age.

Regular visits with healthcare providers, such as family doctors, internists, or paediatricians, are essential. Medical practitioners can help.

Conclusion

While the battle against cancer might end with successful treatment, the journey to maintaining health continues for childhood cancer survivors. Being informed and proactive is key to managing late effects and ensuring a high quality of life. By engaging with healthcare providers regularly, particularly specialists who understand their unique medical challenges, survivors can navigate these issues and maintain their overall well-being.