India is currently facing one of the most intense heat waves in recent times, with temperatures soaring above 45°C in many parts of the country. The combination of high humidity, long exposure to the sun, and water shortages has made daily life not only uncomfortable but also dangerous for lakhs!

While the heat poses health risks for everyone, certain groups—especially those with chronic illnesses and cancer patients—need to take extra precautions.

Understanding the Risks of a Heatwave

Before diving into solutions, it’s important to understand why heat waves are dangerous. Extreme heat can lead to:

• Dehydration
• Heat exhaustion or heatstroke
• Worsening chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and respiratory issues
• Imbalance of minerals and vitamins in the body
• Worsening of fatigue in cancer patients

Recognising early symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, headache, and confusion can help prevent severe health emergencies.

How can you Stay Healthy During the Heatwave

Even healthy individuals can fall ill during a heatwave. Here’s how to protect yourself:

1. Stay Hydrated

• Drink plenty of water even if you’re not thirsty.
• Include oral rehydration salts (ORS) or lemon-salt-sugar solutions if you’re sweating a lot.
• Avoid excessive caffeine, sugary drinks, and alcohol, which can lead to dehydration.

2. Dress Smart

• Wear light-coloured, loose-fitting, cotton clothes.
• Use a hat or umbrella when stepping outside.
• Avoid synthetic fabrics which trap heat.

3. Avoid excessive sun exposure

• Try to stay indoors between 11 AM and 4 PM when the sun is most intense.
• If you must go out, do so early in the morning or late in the evening.

4. Cool Your Environment

• Use fans, air coolers, or air conditioning if possible.
• Keep curtains closed during the day.
• Place a wet towel on your neck or forehead to cool down your body temperature.

5. Eat Light

• Eat smaller meals rich in water content—fruits like watermelon, cucumber, and citrus are excellent.
• Avoid spicy, oily, and heavy meals.

Heatwave Precautions for People With Chronic Diseases

People living with conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, kidney disorders, heart diseases, and asthma are more vulnerable to heat waves. Here’s how they can stay safe:

1. Diabetes

• Heat can alter blood sugar levels. Monitor it more frequently.
• Store insulin properly—extreme heat can degrade it. Keep it in a cool, shaded place.
• Avoid skipping meals or eating sugary snacks to boost energy.

2. Hypertension and Heart Disease

• Limit exposure to heat to prevent increased cardiac workload.
• Continue medications as prescribed, but talk to your doctor if you feel dizzy or too fatigued—it could be a sign of low blood pressure.
• Avoid outdoor walks during the daytime—opt for early mornings.

3. Kidney Disease

• Dehydration is dangerous. Patients on fluid restrictions should consult their nephrologist about adjustments during heat.
• Avoid salty foods and processed snacks, which can worsen fluid retention and stress kidneys.

4. Asthma or Respiratory Conditions

• Heat and pollution can trigger breathing issues.
• Always carry an inhaler or prescribed medication.
• Avoid outdoor activity during peak heat or dust-heavy hours.

5. Elderly and Children

• Elderly people are more likely to suffer from dehydration or heatstroke due to reduced thirst response and existing comorbidities.
• Children dehydrate faster than adults—ensure they drink enough water and dress appropriately.

Special Care for Cancer Patients and Their Caregivers

Cancer patients, especially those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, face higher risks during a heatwave. Their bodies are often weak, dehydrated, and immunocompromised. Here’s how to navigate the heat safely:

1. Hydration and Nutrition

• Encourage small sips of water throughout the day—even mild dehydration can worsen fatigue and nausea.
• Use ORS, coconut water, or homemade electrolyte drinks.
• Include hydrating foods like melons, apples, spinach, and curd.

2. Skin Care

• Cancer treatments often make the skin more sensitive to sunlight.
• Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+), even indoors if the patient is near windows.
• Cover exposed skin with soft cotton clothing and avoid synthetic fabrics.

3. Avoid Infections

• Heat promotes bacterial growth. Ensure hygiene—regular handwashing and bathing.
• Keep hospital and home surroundings clean and dry.
• Avoid public places and unnecessary hospital visits unless essential.

4. Medication Management

• Some chemotherapy drugs are heat-sensitive—store medications in a cool, dry place.
• If unsure about storage, consult a pharmacist.
• Avoid altering dosage or skipping medications due to fatigue—stick to the schedule.

When to Seek Medical Help Immediately

Call for medical help if any of the following symptoms occur:

• High fever (>103°F)
• Dizziness or fainting
• Persistent vomiting
• Confusion or disorientation
• Absence of sweat despite heat
• Skin that feels hot and dry

Surviving With Awareness and Action

The rising temperatures are a wake-up call not just for climate action but also for individual responsibility. While the heatwave is challenging, simple measures—like staying cool, hydrated, and mindful—can go a long way in protecting health.

Those living with chronic diseases or cancer need personalized care and vigilant monitoring. With strong community support, thoughtful planning, and medical guidance, we can safely ensure that even the most vulnerable make it through this trying time.

Remember: Prevention is always better than cure—especially when the weather becomes the enemy.